Tunnel Fire Dynamics as a Function of Longitudinal Ventilation Air Oxygen Content

3D Simulation of a fire inside a river tunnel and optimisation of the ventilation using Computational Fluid Dynamics

CFD simulation is used to predict 3D flow inside different configurations. Tunnel ventilation system is one example of CFD application field. Ventilation system is important in all kind of tunnels, road tunnel, rail tunnel or waterway tunnel. In all case CFD is able to predict chronic pollutant dispersion or accidental consequences. This paper presents the model of a waterway tunnel in France i...

Rheological and Physicochemical Properties of Honeys as a Function of Temperature, Concentration and Moisture Content

In this study the rheological and physicochemical properties of four types of honeys, two poly floral (Mountain, Forest) and two mono floral (Sunflower, Ivy), were investigated. Rheological characteristics of honeys were evaluated at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30ºC). All the honeys exhibited Newtonian behavior for shear rate in the range of 1.045-41.8 s-1. The viscosity of sampl...

Ventilation and Suppression Systems in Road Tunnels: Some Issues regarding Their Appropriate Use in a Fire Emergency

Two important tunnel safety technologies are addressed. The majority of long road tunnels have ventilation systems. In the event of a fire in a tunnel, such systems will influence fire development in a number of different ways. Recent research and observations on these influences are presented. The effects discussed are critical ventilation velocity for smoke control and the influence of ventil...

2,3-diphosphoglycerate content and oxygen affinity as a function of red cell age in normal individuals.

Impact of Vehicles on Smoke Spread Dynamics in the Case of Fire in Road Tunnel

In this paper, the impact of vehicles in road tunnel on smoke spread in case of fire is illustrated using the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) system. FDS is a CFD-based fire field model capable to simulate fire in various environments capturing a big variety of physical processes related to fire. A set of simulations of fire in a 300 m long two-lane single directional road tunnel with longitudina...